SWOT Analysis for Waste Management Recommendation of Bojong Village, Bogor Regency

Bogor Regency is a part of the National Central Activity System (Pusat Kegiatan Nasional, PKN) Jabodetabek Punjur, DKI Jakarta Province sub-urban. In the system, Bogor Regency plays the role of the nation's capital’s buffer zone as a residential/settlement area and as the upstream area in the watershed system so that water will flow from Bogor Regency to Jabodetabek area. This makes waste management is an important focus to be fixed because residences in Bogor Regency contributes emission at value 19.3% from all emission of Bogor Regency (Nurmayati, 2020), is a largest waste producer in West Jawa (Dinas PUPR Jawa Barat, 2020), and the waste produced is not comparable with the management service (Mujiburrahmad & Firmansyah, 2014). Because of the background, this research aims to formulate a waste management strategy for urban slum residence in Bogor Regency (Study Case: Bojong Village) using SWOT and mapping analysis. The research concluded that Bojong Village needs to improve its disposal system by adding its waste infrastructure to shift villager’s habit to burn trash and to pile up on the roadside, and then to cooperate with the centralized waste infrastructure of TPPAS Nambo and IPLT Cileungsi.

based on West Java Regional Spatial Plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah, RTRW) year 2009-2029 has focus on development in being buffer zone in the PKN system so that residential sector in Bogor Regency is not only destined for people in Bogor Regency itself but also for people who work in Bogor City, DKI Jakarta Province, and/or the surrounding area. It is seen in Bogor Regency Spatial Plan (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten, RTRWK) year 2016-2039, Bogor regency as part of the provision of urban residence which connected with Jabodetabek area. Bogor regency has a unique characteristic of its urban area, village area, and a characteristic namely desakota or urban-village, an area which has both agrarian and urban, formal and informal activity which is also associated with big industry and its employee and the intensity of working round-trip.
In this Global Pandemic COVID-19 era, we realised once again the importance of healthcare and the health system for virus transmission prevention. Epidemics associated with water contaminated with pathogens, which in the 19th century created cholera occurrence in Europe. Epidemiological studies have often shown association between human illnesses and proximity to a waste disposal site.
In developing countries, the main issue is associated with infections and injuries from unregulated recycling in open dumps (Giusti, 2009). Residential in Bogor Regency still has homework regarding its environment amenities and health public facilities completeness. Waste is still a problem in Bogor Regency and the impact of the problem can affect its surrounding area because Bogor Regency has a higher contour and plays a role upstream in the Watershed system so that water will flow from Bogor Regency to Jabodetabek area. This makes waste management an important focus to be fixed. If Bogor Regency reaches its waste management carrying capacity, it will harm Jabodetabek and the surrounding area in the watershed downstream system or lower contour. Effort of keeping a healthy condition in cities especially through a good waste collection service is one of the physical elements and governance features of ISWM (Integrated and Sustainable Solid Waste Management) (Martinez & Pina, 2015).
Residences in Bogor Regency contribute emission at value 19,3% from all emissions of Bogor Regency (Nurmayati, 2020). Based on the West Java Housing and Settlement Agency year 2010 waste pile, Bogor Regency is the largest waste producer in West Java with 134,774.80 litre/day. One of the reasons for the waste piling is the waste produced per day is not comparable with the management service (Mujiburrahmad & Firmansyah, 2014). Capacity of the final disposal which supplies Bogor Regency is not able to accommodate and process waste from residences so community in Bogor Regency has their own way in the upstream to process waste with waste bank (bank sampah) and environmental friendly village (kampung ramah lingkungan). Eventually, this research will collect evidence or to identify strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat that Bogor Regency has in managing residential waste and produce a strategy of waste management.
This research aims to formulate waste management strategy for urban slum residence in Bogor Regency with targets as follows: (1) identify strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat of waste management elements in urban slum residence in Bogor Regency, (2) identify waste management strategy for urban slum residence in Bogor Regency.

Method
The data needed to conduct this research are the condition of waste disposal and management in settlement (upstream). This research is conducted with a qualitative analysis method with mapping technique. The method of data collecting is as follows: 1. Field observation by observing directly the field condition with notes.
2. Desk study or data collection from books, documents, and media.
3. Interview the key stakeholder of waste management in the area.
The research sequence is conducted in October 2020 until November 2020 using step 2 and step 3 of the six steps to reducing waste costs from Envirowise GG414 on (Chartered Institute of Purchasing & Supply, 2007).
Step of performance comparison is using Bogor Regency Medium Term Village was chosen as the study area because it is relatively close to the author's position for the field observation convenience, and also strategic because of its function as a buffer zone settlement area for the industrial district of Klapanunggal Sub-District. The next step is data analysis which is conducted in two stages. The first stage is desk study of waste management conditions in Bogor Regency and study areas with content analysis. The second stage is analysis of spatial attributes with the help of ArcMap and narration from field observation results and interviews. From the first and second stage analysis, points of strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat by spatial and completed with description from the narration generated. The third stage is formulation of strategy with SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis.
Data needed for this research are as follows:

Results
Observation which has been done resulted in a map of waste conditions in Bojong Village which is shown in Figure 2. First field observation was conducted in the afternoon at 13:00-14:00 WIB.
The observation gave an overview that waste management in Bojong Village can be grouped into several types. First type is the main road which is marked with an orange color, Klp. Manunggal street, waste is dropped on the ground (covered with single plastic sized 10 kg) on the edge of the main street without a trash bin as shown in picture 1 in Figure 2. Statements from villagers are that there will be officers to take the trash. The second type is housing complex which is marked with yellow color, trash is dropped in front of houses and street medians inside trash bins, shown in picture 2 in Figure 2. There is also an officer who will take those trash. The third type is village settlement which is marred with soft orange color. Here, trash is piled and burnt as shown in picture 3 and 5 of Figure  Type of trash which is seen in Bojong Village is household trash consisting of organic waste from kitchen waste and inorganic plastic waste and other waste from household activity. There is no industrial activity which produces industrial waste. Trade and services activity existed also still in a small scale, but there is paddy field and village garden activity which will produce organic waste. street with considerably high population growth. This makes the settlement in Bojong Village will be growing even more in the mean future. Physical building condition in the settlement is mainly permanent. The growth pattern in the main road is not really tidy but organic, but a tidy pattern is found in settlement areas made or managed by private developers. The density and population is considered as medium density with the number of houses as 4,729 houses in 2020 and total population of 9,400 people (Data Desa Bojong, 2020). Land Use in Bojong Village generally is settlement and small scale trade and service. Accessibility facility that can reach centralized waste management infrastructure is the main road Klp. Manunggal Street sized 6 m wide and local streets sized 1-3 m wide asphalted. Next will be an overview of strength, opportunity, weakness, and threat of waste management in Bojong Village based on field observation and interview. The interview conducted has a shortfall in the number and type of stakeholder it holds. Interviews to be SWOT analysis should be multi stakeholder (Martinez & Pina, 2015) (Mor, Kaur, & Khaiwal, 2016) (Leigh, 2010) or even through a focus interviews (Eheliyagoda, 2016) and continued with likert scored questionnaire to the stakeholders (Leigh, 2010) (Dyson, 2003). It can be conducted by only one person, but all stories should be known in the study area (Leigh, 2010). Here the author interviewed the Head of Village Government. The author synthesized the result below from the data collected.
Strengths and weaknesses are identified by an internal appraisal and the opportunities and threats by an external appraisal and the strategies are generated through the TOWS matrix. TOWS matrix is an attempt to connect internal and external factors to stimulate strategies (Dyson, 2003). The first strength is village contour. Bojong Village contour is considered flat, so that waste transportation will be able to reach every house in the settlement, even non motorized vehicles. The green area on People's habit of using fresh water is using their own dug well of groundwater. People's habit of disposing trash is to burn it on each house yard or on one landfill, meanwhile house complex communities throw in each house's trash bin and are collected by officers.
Topography of Bojong Village is considered as flat with a slight lowering contour to the south.
Flood is only occurs in housing complex in south area because of river overflow, therefore has been done some kind of river naturalization with heavy equipment to enlarge the river capacity and to prevent overflow which causes flood. Bojong Village also has a lot of green and blue open space in the form of gardens which are managed by the neighborhood, paddy field, and pond.

Improvement of waste management is an important part in live, as declared in Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) number 6 "Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all" with one of its target "By 2030, improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally" (United Nations, 2016). Here are the author's recommendations for waste management in Bojong Village based on collected and analysed data.

Strategy for Waste Management in Bojong Village
Here will be a waste management strategy based on strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat mentioned in the earlier section. In this stage, strength will be met with opportunity to create a strategy which uses strength to utilize opportunity using the SWOT matrix. Next, weakness will be met with opportunity to create a strategy that minimizes weakness using opportunities. Then, strength will be met with threat to create a strategy which uses strength to overcome the threat. Lastly, the assembly of weakness and threat which will create a strategy to minimize weakness and avoid threat.  (Gertsakis & Lewis, 2003) in the centralized infrastructure, with Bogor Regency plan to make Nambo a Final Waste Disposal and Processing Site. It has also been reported that improper bin collection systems, poor route planning, lack of information about collection schedules, and insufficient infrastructure affects waste disposal choice and increases the probability of waste dumping in open areas and roadsides. The availability of equipment and machinery seem to be key factors that promote separation of waste at the household level (Guerrero, Maas, & Hogland, 2012).
As how (Piippo, Saawalainen, Kaakinen, & Pongracz, 2014) cite from World Bank (2001), Strategy part presents the overall framework for Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) systems and standards, whereas the Action Plan part consists of the specific options to be achieved, and in order to meet the requirements, detailed design work (operational planning) is needed to set the precise arrangements for the implementation. After this strategy and action plan making process, the next section is about operational plans to achieve the action plan needed.

Quantity and Location of Waste Infrastructure Planning of Bojong Village
Based on first, second, and forth strategy to maximize waste collection and transportation activity and to complete waste facility to anticipate population growth, and to develop a cooperation with TPPAS Nambo and IPLT Cileungsi, we will be planning the quantity and location of waste infrastructure for Bojong Village based on Indonesia National Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia, SNI) and overlay analysis on ArcMap 10.3 which will produce a map of location of waste facilities and infrastructure.
Location of the big trash bin can be located in the recommended location on Figure x.
Evermore, Bojong Village also needs 94 pieces of communal bin and manual composter sized 0.5 m 3 -1 m 3 evenly distributed in Bojong Village, 3 pieces of arm roll container sized 6 m 3 or 2 pieces of sized 10 m 3 , and 3 neighborhood scale waste recycling building station sized 150 m 2 which also needed recycling officer.

Conclusion
In term of waste management, Bojong Village has strength of flat contour which ease collecting and transporting process, has agglomerated settlement, clean river and blue open space, and has a lot of open space; but Bojong Village has weakness as a flood prone area, leak of waste management facilities, has community habit on burning trash pile, and leak of village government intervention in waste management; however, Bojong Village has opportunities as such: surrounded by centralized waste management infrastructure (TPPAS Nambo) and IPLT Cileungsi, and has a developed cooperation with centralized waste management infrastructure of Bantar Gebang; lastly, threat of Bojong Village is its function as swiftly growing settlement area because of its function near industrial district, and as an assembly area of two springs which makes some area is flood prone because of river overflow.
Strategy needed for Waste Management Bojong Village is to maximize collection and transportation activity from houses to centralized waste processing infrastructure and develop a cooperation with it (TPPAS Nambo and IPLT Cileungsi) to start a shift from the habit of trash pile burning by improving waste service of Bojong Village. Next is to minimize flood potency caused by river overflow by revitalizing the riverbank and normalizing riverbody. Lastly to complete a waste management facility to anticipate trash pile growth because of population growth. Equipment and facilities needed for Bojong Village are trash bin for each houses, 9 neighborhood unit scale trash bin and trash cart in every neighborhood unit (RW), 1 big trash bin for Bojong Village, 94 communal trash bin and manual composter, 3 or 2 arm roll container truck, and 3 neighborhood scale recycling building station to be located in the east, west, and south of the village. The recommended location for the facilities is shown in Figure 19.