International Journal for Disaster and Development Interface

Utilization of Sentinel-2 Imagery for Water Quality Analysis: A Case Study of Saguling Reservoir

Muhammad Saiful Ruuhulhaq, Sarah Setianingrum — Tue, 11 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Water resources are essential for human life and are one of the main indicators of regional development success. Saguling Reservoir is one of the reservoirs located in West Java that plays a crucial role in various aspects of the lives of the surrounding community. This study aims to determine the distribution of Total Suspended Solids in Saguling Reservoir and to assess turbidity levels using the Normalized Difference Turbidity Index. This study utilizes the Total Suspended Solids (TSS) model by Huizeng Liu using Sentinel-2 imagery data. Based on the research findings, Saguling Reservoir has three classes of Total Suspended Solids (TSS): low (902.91 hectares), moderate (1830.47 hectares), and high (592.78 hectares). Meanwhile, the turbidity levels in Saguling Reservoir are very low (212.84 hectares), moderate (2649.94 hectares), and high (457 hectares).

Flood Potential Assessment of the Way Urang Sub-Watershed Based on Peak Discharge Using the Rational Method

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Peak discharge is a key indicator for assessing flood potential in a river basin. This study estimates peak discharge in the Way Urang sub-watershed, Pesawaran, Lampung, by integrating remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to derive physical parameters that control surface runoff. The Rational Method was applied, combining the runoff coefficient (C), rainfall intensity (I), and drainage area (A). The runoff coefficient was calculated using the Cook Method, which takes into account soil type, slope gradient, vegetation density, and drainage density. Rainfall intensity was derived from daily records using the Mononobe equation, with time of concentration estimated from the Kirpich formula. Data sources include Sentinel-2 imagery, DEMNAS, rainfall records from 2014 to 2023, and field measurements. The results show a peak discharge of 217.19 m³/s for a basin area of 20.20 km², with a coefficient of variation (C) of 69.20% and an intensity (I) of 55.89 mm/h. High runoff reflects the combined effects of low-infiltration soils, steep slopes, and high annual rainfall. Morphometric measurements yielded a total channel cross-sectional area of 27.91 m² and an estimated bankfull discharge of ~9.53 m³/s, indicating that the channel capacity is far below the peak discharge. This imbalance suggests a high flood potential in downstream areas, particularly in Bunut Village. The findings underscore the importance of integrating spatial data, field surveys, and remote sensing to analyze watershed physical characteristics and to support more effective, spatially informed flood planning and mitigation.

Challenges of Contextualizing Low-Carbon Development in Indonesia

Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Climate change in Indonesia has triggered multidimensional disasters that are increasingly severe and difficult to predict, placing communities in vulnerable conditions. To address this, the Indonesian government has adopted the Low Carbon Development (LCD) paradigm, gradually integrating it into national and regional planning to pursue sustainable economic growth while minimizing carbon emissions. However, progress in low-carbon development remains limited. The gap is largely due to weak translation of LCD principles into sectoral programs, inadequate adaptive fiscal instruments, and poor alignment between regional development plans (RPJMD) and the LCD framework. This study aims to identify challenges from idea to plan to practice in the implementation of LCD policies in Indonesia and to propose a contextualized scheme for strengthening their application. Findings reveal three main challenges: (1) regional development orientation is still growth-centered rather than sustainability-oriented, (2) local governments have limited capacity to formulate and implement low-carbon programs, and (3) actor fragmentation and weak cross-sectoral and interregional coordination hinder integration. Furthermore, Indonesia’s vast geography presents structural and distributional constraints that demand creative, context-specific solutions rather than being accepted as fixed barriers. Overall, while Indonesia possesses substantial potential in low-carbon development, realizing it requires reorienting development priorities, enhancing local capacities, and improving institutional coordination. A contextualized LCD scheme must therefore address these systemic challenges to align national and regional development agendas with global commitments, particularly the net zero emission target.

Land Cover Change Dynamics And Potential Acid Sulfate Soil Formation in Segara Anakan

Hyundra Zakiya Putri Wahyu, Wirastuti Widyatmanti, Sandy Budi Wibowo — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Tropical coastal regions are highly susceptible to acid sulfate soi formation due to ecological and hydrological changes driven by land cover dynamics and sedimentation. This study analyzes land cover changes from 1990 to 2025 and their implications for ASS development in Segara Anakan, Indonesia. Landsat imagery (Landsat 5 and Landsat 8/9 OLI) was classified using Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Tree algorithms within Google Earth Engine. Classification accuracy was assessed using overall accuracy and the Kappa coefficient. Land cover classes included mangrove, nipa palm, paddy fields, aquaculture ponds, settlements, bare land, water bodies, and forest. Results reveal substantial conversion of natural vegetation into paddy fields, bare land, and settlements, particularly in low-lying tidal areas. These changes disrupted ecological conditions that previously sustained organic matter accumulation, low-energy environments, and anaerobic waterlogging—three of the five key factors for ASS formation. Field validation confirmed soil pH < 4 in high-risk areas. This research demonstrates the effectiveness of integrating multi-temporal Landsat imagery with machine learning to detect spatio-temporal land cover dynamics and to identify areas prone to ASS formation, offering valuable insights for adaptive coastal management.

Analysis of Changes in Temporal Spatial Land Use, Vegetation, and Built-up Land in Grobogan Regency in 2019-2023

Diyah Ayu Setiyaningsih, Kuswaji Dwi Priyono, Jumadi Jumadi — Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Along with the increasing population in Grobogan Regency, the need for sufficient clothing and boards will increase. The Grobogan area is in a karst area with the agricultural and blasting sectors contributing the biggest sources of GRDP. Agriculture is dominated by dry farming. The area of forest land (vegetation is the second largest in Central Java. The study aimed to determine the dynamics of changes that occur in land cover (agricultural areas, vacant land, built-up areas, vegetation, and water bodies), focusing on built-up areas and vegetation. Data processing uses the help of sentinel imagery for the period 2019-2023 which is then processed using the maximum likelihood method which is then tested for accuracy to match the actual conditions on the ground Vegetation (forest) The second biggest change is the conversion to agricultural land. This is also marked by areas the area found which is indicated as an increasing settlement.